Saturday, April 25, 2020
Malcolm X Biography free essay sample
Throughout history there are many great people who dedicated their life to the advancement of the African American race. Few of these people created as much controversy during the 1960ââ¬â¢s then the man who would be known as Malcolm X. Unlike many of the civil rights leaders of the time who promoted non violence, Malcolm X believed in the use of aggressive tactics in his battle for equality. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl and Louise Little.His father, a minister and devout Christian, was known for being an outspoken follower of the black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Garveyââ¬â¢s message promoted the ââ¬Å"back-to-Africaâ⬠movement that encouraged African Americans of the time to sever ties with the United States and move back to the continent of Africa which was the homeland. It would be the messages of self reliance learned from his father as well as the whole Garvey movement that would prove to be an important factor to Malcolmââ¬â¢s ideology in his own personal movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Malcolm X Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a child Malcolmââ¬â¢s family was forced to move several times due to racism and threats on his familyââ¬â¢s life. The Little family would move from Omaha after being threatened by members of the Ku Klux Klan a group of white racists known for terrorizing African Americans. While living in a predominantly white neighborhood in Michigan there house was burned down by members of the racist group due to Malcolmââ¬â¢s father involvement in Black empowerment organizations .At the age of thirteen Malcolmââ¬â¢s father was mysteriously murdered and his mother was admitted into a mental hospital forcing Malcolm to live in different foster homes and become separated from his siblings. While living in foster homes Malcolm excelled in school but quickly lost interest after one of his teachers told him it was unlikely for a black man to be successful in this world, humiliating an impressionable young Malcolm. After dropping out of school Malcolm moved to Boston, Massachusetts with his sister and eventually became involved in criminal activity.He began frequenting the area of Roxbury and became fascinat ed with the fast paced lifestyle. Malcolm began a life of using and selling drugs, home invading, gambling, as well as wearing flashy clothing. He moved to Harlem in 1942 and continued his rise in the criminal world, becoming known as ââ¬Å"Detroit Redâ⬠for his reddish brown hair. When the authorities became aware of his illegal activities he returned to Boston. Four years later at the age of twenty, Malcolm was arrested and sentenced to ten years in prison for burglary.It would be the time spent in prison that would transform Malcolm and change him from a career criminal to the activist he would later be known as. He visited the prison library and read books on religion, philosophy, and history. He read and copied the entire dictionary acquiring the skills that would make him a powerful public speaker. He dedicated his time in prison to his own personal development and through his brother Reginald learned of the organization known as the Nation of Islam or the Black Muslims. The Nation of Islam is an Islamic religious organization founded by its leader Elijah Muhammad which promoted Black separatism from whites culturally, physically, politically and psychologically. Malcolm began to follow the preachings of Muhammad and practiced the religion devoutly, giving up drug use, alcohol consumption, as well as eating pork. Upon his release from prison in 1952 Malcolm traveled to Chicago, Illinois to meet with Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad accepted Malcolm in to the movement and replaced Malcolmââ¬â¢s last name with the letter ââ¬Å"Xâ⬠to symbolize the unknown last name his family lost during slavery.Malcolm was appointed assistant minister of the Detroit Mosque and shortly was sent to organize mosques in Philadelphia and later Harlem. After the success of organizing several mosques throughout the nation Malcolm X became a national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. He became the voice of the organization and a public figure who the media frequently quote d. His skill at debating allowed him to help spread the Nation of Islamââ¬â¢s message and gain followers of his movement.Malcolm and the Nation of Islam called for his followers to live a life of racial separation. His beliefs showed that he felt that non violent civil rights leaders had achieved nothing and publicly criticized the same leaders and there viewpoints. He was not a supporter of equality gained peacefully, instead he encouraged his followers to fight back against white violence. He attributed the crime rate and economic condition of African Americans to their following the lifestyle of white, western society, and advised Blacks to convert to Islam.It was during the early years of his notoriety that he met a student nurse by the name of Betty Sanders (her name would later change to Shabazz upon converting to Islam). The two were married in 1958 and they eventually had six daughters. By the late 1950ââ¬â¢s the Nation of Islam had moved into the national spotlight amassing a membership of more than one hundred thousand. White Americans began to worry about Malcolm and his message of black supremacy and members of his own organization began to fear that he wanted to take control of the Nation of Islam from Elijah Muhammad.When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, Malcolm made a comment that would anger Muhammad and force him to ââ¬Å"silence himâ⬠from the media. Feeling betrayed Malcolm decided to leave the Nation of Islam and form his own organization, Muslim Mosque, Inc. He took time to travel overseas to Mecca, Saudi Arabia which is where Islam originated and gained a different perspective and outlook on his own religions after worshipping with people of different races. He no longer believed all white people were evil and felt that he found the true meaning of Islam during his travels. He decided that he would be willing to work with other black groups as well as progressive white groups. In 1965 Malcolm began holding meetings to formulate his new organization and discuss the policies needed to get things started. On a Sunday afternoon, February 21, 1965, as Malcolm began to address a group attending his meeting he was assassinated. To this day the motive is unknown, but many speculate that it was members of his former group, the Nation of Islam who was responsible.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
The Cuban Missile Crisis Essays
The Cuban Missile Crisis Essays The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay 1:) President Kennedys reaction to the photographs would be much like anyone else in the USA: shocking. He wakes up from a nights sleep to find that Cuba had made bases containing missiles and atomic weapons right under his nose. The missile once launched could easily destroy cities and towns across America; the furthest reaching parts of Canada. Once more the increase in Soviet cargo ships heading to Cuba made the Soviets suspects. Kennedy must have felt very scared. The fate of the world could have lied in this mans hands. Such a little country with so much power, this could not go on. America was very vulnerable at this stage, which was probably why Kennedy was so scared. President Kennedy said,we were facing great trouble, in source A. this shows he knew that nothing god could come of it, and there could be something very bad happening. Within a few minutes of these missiles being fired, it could have killed 80,000,000 American citizens. President Kennedy had every reason to be worried. 2:) I feel that President Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba because there were no other clever choices, and a blockade would mean slowing down the chances of war. He could bomb Cuba, and destroy their weapons, but the Soviets they would ship in more, and then retaliate, then a world war would break out, and other countries would have been in uproar that America picked on such a little country. He could have assassinated Castro, but if he did a new leader would come into power hungry for revenge. If he invaded Cuba, thousands upon thousands of his soldiers would perish in vain. There were no other options. If the US did blockade Cuba, at least it could ensure no more offensive weapons could have been transported in. Every other way had some sort of drawback, except the blockade. 3:) (i) The reasons differ greatly. Source E is putting its position to President Kennedy.The American side has conducted an unr
Sunday, March 1, 2020
Best Rebecca Nurse Analysis â⬠The Crucible
Best Rebecca Nurse Analysis - The Crucible SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Rebecca Nurse is a prominent and respected older woman in Puritan Salem, drawn into the witchcraft trials because of her and her husbandââ¬â¢s friction with the Putnams. Though she has the least stage time of any of the major characters, Rebecca is important because of the moral ideals she represents. This guide goes over what we do know about Rebecca and explains why she is so important to the play despite her limited time in the audienceââ¬â¢s eye. feature image credit: Samantha Lindsay, 2016/All rights reserved. Character Introduction: Meet Rebecca Nurse Rebecca is an older woman (especially for the times) and not physically strong. "Rebecca Nurse, seventy-two, enters. She is white-haired, leaning upon her walking-stick." (Act 1, p. 23) Relationships Married to Francis Nurse, Rebecca is on good terms with pretty much everyone in The Crucible (at least at the beginning of the play). She's so highly regarded that even non-Salem dwellers like Reverend Hale have heard good things about her: "HALE: Itââ¬â¢s strange how I knew you, but I suppose you look as such a good soul should. We have all heard of your great charities in Beverly." (Act 1, p. 34) The only exception to Rebecca's genial social relationships is her relationship with the Putnam family. There's bad feeling between the Putnams and the Nurses there due to Rebecca's husband Francisââ¬â¢s blocking Putnamââ¬â¢s candidate for minister of Salem. Miller explicitly mentions this squabble in one of his character essays interspersed in the printed play (p. 24), but it doesnââ¬â¢t come up in the dialogue (or at least, not in a straightforward mention). There might also be some resentment from Ann Putnam due to her high infant mortality rate vs. Rebeccaââ¬â¢s many children and grandchildren, but itââ¬â¢s only briefly touched upon in the play. It's not clear if Rebecca's fertility in the face of Ann Putnam's dead children is the reason why Rebecca is ultimately accused of murdering Ann Putnamââ¬â¢s children (Act 2, p. 67), or if thatââ¬â¢s just a side-effect of the politics between the Putnamand Nurse families. What is clear, though, is that the only person Rebecca is sarcastic to inThe Crucible is Ann Putnam: "MRS. PUTNAM: This is no silly season, Rebecca. My Ruth is bewildered, Rebecca; she cannot eat.REBECCA: Perhaps she is not hungered yet." (Act 1, p. 25) With the exception of her attitude towards Goody Ann, though, Rebecca seems to think and hope for the best of people (and they strive to show it to herâ⬠¦until the witch business starts). Other Character Traits Other than the mere physical character traits, Miller characterizes GoodyNurse using both her actions and words as well as what other people say about her (other characters and Millerââ¬â¢s own character descriptions). Saintliness The most noticeable quality about Rebecca is her saintly demeanor and her moral superiority to the other characters in the play. Miller makes this clear from the beginning, writingââ¬Å"Gentleness exudes from herâ⬠(p. 24) into the stage directions. When Rebecca is accused of witchcraft (a decidedly ungodly crime), the only justification Hale can come up with is that God has been fooled by seeming purity before: ââ¬Å"Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven.â⬠(Act 2, p. 68) Rebecca also displays high moral character through her interactions with other characters over the course of the play. She... urges Proctor not to quarrel and ââ¬Å"break charityâ⬠with Parris, since no matter the manââ¬â¢s shortcomings he is still minister and thus should be respected (Act 1, p. 29). is shocked and horrified when she finds out that Goody Ann sent her daughter to consort with spirits (Act 1, p. 36). is the only one who bothers asking if Haleââ¬â¢s procedures will hurt Betty (Act 1, p. 37). wonââ¬â¢t stay to see witchcraft hunted out ("REBECCA: I wish I knew. She goes out; they feel resentful of her note of moral superiority." Act 1, p. 37). has her good name attested to by 91 people, who signed their good opinion of her in a petition (Act 3, p. 86-87). Common Discussion Question: What is the function of Rebecca Nurse in the play? Answer: Rebecca serves as the moral high point of the play. She is the yardstick against which Miller measures all other characters. Smiling face with halo from Google's Noto Project/Used under Apache license. Powerful Rebecca is one of the few women to have authority pre-witchcraft trials. We know this because Parris appeals to her to help figure out whatââ¬â¢s wrong with Betty and she is able to calm him (ââ¬Å"I think sheââ¬â¢ll wake in time. Pray, calm yourselvesâ⬠Act 1, p. 25). She is also able to get John to not completely lose it (at least temporarily): ââ¬Å"Pray, John, be calm. Pause. He defers to her.â⬠(Act 1, p. 26) Rebecca's arrest causes people to feel doubt because of her power and authority in the town. As Parris worriedly tells Judges Hathorne and Danforth, ââ¬Å"Let Rebecca stand upon the gibbet and send up some righteous prayer, and I fear sheââ¬â¢ll wake a vengeance upon youâ⬠(Act 4, p. 8). Parris is concerned that if it turns out Rebecca was (somehow!) unjustly accused and is killed, God will be angered and take out that anger on her condemners. Common Discussion Question: Why is Rebecca Nurse being charged with witchcraft a sign the town has finally gone insane/lost all sense/gotten out of control? Answer: Because ââ¬Å"Rebecca also enjoyed the high opinion that most people had for [her husband]â⬠(p. 24), it was a shock for her to be named a witch. She is looked up to in the first act as having the answers because of her reputation of religious devotion (ââ¬Å"My wife is the very brick and mortar of the churchâ⬠Act 2, p. 67). In subsequent acts, the fact that she has been ââ¬Å"condemnedâ⬠is a sign that things have gone terribly wrong in Salem. As Reverend Hale says in Act 2, ââ¬Å"[I]f Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothingââ¬â¢s left to stop the whole green world from burning.â⬠(Act 2, p.67) Honest GoodyNurse is the most straightforward and honest character in the play...even when it hurts her. It's hard to tell if this oblivious honesty happens because she doesnââ¬â¢t pick up on other people's reactions to her frank statements, or if she's oblivious because sheââ¬â¢s used to her position of authority and thus has become accustomed to saying things without fear of reprisal due to her place in the Salem social hierarchy (more on this later). Two specific instances of this are when she's fine with telling Parris that, actually, he has been driving parishioners away (Act 1, p. 27) and when she wonââ¬â¢t confess to witchcraft to save her life (Act 4, p. 129). When Does Rebecca Nurse Show Up in The Crucible? Rebecca only appears in Acts 1 and 4 ofThe Crucible (although she is mentioned in the other two acts by other characters). In Act 1, Rebecca shows up partway through the hullaballoo at Parrisââ¬â¢s house, then leaves before Hale gets to the business of questioning Betty. In Act 4, Rebecca is brought in towards the end to witness Johnââ¬â¢s confession (and ultimately, his recanting of that confession); she then goes out to hang with John Proctor. What Does Rebecca Nurse Do in The Crucible? Rebecca's first action upon entering the stage in Act 1 is to soothe Betty Parris with her very presence (Act 1, p. 24). Rebecca cautions everyone onstage against putting too much stock in ââ¬Å"silly girlsâ⬠and their fancies (p. 25), warns against seeking answers in the supernatural (p. 25-26), and eventually leaves when it becomes apparent her advice is going to be ignored (p. 37). Rebecca does not appear onstage in Acts 2 and 3, but we do learn important information about her from other characters. In Act, 2, Giles Corey informs the Proctors (and the audience) that Rebecca has been charged with witchcraft (p. 67). In Act 3, Hale's identification of GoodyNurse as "Rebecca that were condemned this morning" (p. 80) lets the audience know that sometime between Acts 2 and 3, Rebecca was condemned a witch and set to hang. In Act 4, Rebecca's primary role is as a foil (and, ultimately, an inspiration) to John Proctor. Rebecca herself does not confess to witchcraft and stands by as a witness to Proctorââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"confessionâ⬠and ultimate denial of his confession (p. 129-134). Rebecca Nurse Character Analysis In this next section, I'll go into more detail about possible motivations behind Rebecca's actions. Often these'll be related to an overarching theme, like hysteria or societal pressures. I've provided quotes from the text to accompany my analysis and support my interpretations. Remember, though, that my analyses are just that - interpretations. If you can think of a different explanation and then support it using evidence from the play, then you can and should do that! Rebecca's primary motivation inThe Crucible appears to be her internal sense of what is right and what is wrong. Of all the characters in the play, she is the least affected by fear and hysteria (at least, in my opinion), and is surprised when other people are swayed (e.g. p. 129 ââ¬Å"Why, John!â⬠). Rebecca remains strong through the course of the play; for her, doing the right thing is more important than staying alive, as she explicitly states in Act 4: ââ¬Å"Why, it is a lie, it is a lie; how may I damn myself? I cannot, I cannot.â⬠(Act 4, p. 129) Here Rebecca echoes Mary Warrenââ¬â¢s "I cannot, I cannot," from the end of Act 2; instead of avowing that she cannot tell the truth (as Mary does), however, Rebecca here reaffirms that she cannot tell a lie. Ultimately, unconcern with the possible danger from hysteria is Rebecca's downfall. One instance of her not paying enough attention to other people's reactions to her is when she quiets Betty down in Act 1: MRS. PUTNAM, astonished: What have you done? Rebecca, in thought, now leaves the bedside and sits. (Act 1, p. 25). Even though Ann Putnam verbally expresses her astonishment that Betty was soothed by Rebecca's presence when Betty had previously been unresponsive to other stimuli, Rebecca completely ignores this in favor of her own thoughts. Other instances of this obliviousness can be seen when Rebecca, intentionally or not, puts down the concerns of other characters (particularly Ann Putnam) as being not worthy of further consideration. Rebecca ends up paying the price for this obliviousness and her uncompromising personal moral code with her life. TRUTH/Used under CC BY 2.0/cropped and modified from original. Common Discussion Question: Why do some people resent Rebecca and Francis Nurse? Answer: The Putnams resent that the Nurses interfered with Thomas Putnam's candidate for minister of Salem. Others may resent Francis's rise from land-renter to land-owner and Rebecca's being too saintly for her own good, as when she absents herself from Hale's witchcraft investigation in Act 1. In contrast to most of the other characters in the play, Rebecca doesnââ¬â¢t seem particularly motivated by pride, keeping her reputation pure, or even trying to maintain power/authority. She does keep her reputation of holiness, but this is more a side-effect than a cause: Rebecca ends up appearing so saintly because she seems above the earthly machinations and squabbles of characters like Parris and Putnam, or even above Proctorââ¬â¢s concern with admitting wrongdoing/losing face. How Does Rebecca Nurse Change Over Time? In contrast to characters like John Proctor and Reverend Hale, Rebecca doesn't show much development over the course ofThe Crucible, likely because Miller wanted to use her characteras a moral high point that everyone else in the play could be measured against. Rebecca's moral compass is never shaken, even when she is put through the crucible of the trials. She doesn't give in to Haleââ¬â¢s pleas to confess (p. 9), not because of pride, but because to do so would be lying. Similarly, Rebecca does not accuse anyone else of witchcraft - if she has too much integrity to lie about being a witch, she certainly has too much integrity to drag anyone else down with her. In addition to avoiding lies, Rebecca also shows mercy to others, even as they are weak (Proctor) or accusing her of terrible things. Even when John Proctor is falsely confessing to being a witch in Act 4, Rebecca still expresses her unhappiness in the form of wishing a positive outcome for him (ââ¬Å"God send his mercy on you!â⬠Act 4, p. 129). And unlike most of the male characters who run afoul of the court (Proctor, Giles Corey, even Reverend Hale), Rebecca doesnââ¬â¢t curse or malign those who are accusing and condemning her (e.g. Danforth). In this way, Rebecca takes responsibility for herself and maintains her high moral standing throughout the course of the play in a way no other character in The Crucible does. Rebecca Nurse Quotes from The Crucible To end this guide, I've chosen three Rebecca Nurse quotations to analyze and discuss. ââ¬Å"I have eleven children, and I am twenty-six times a grandma, and I have seen them all through their silly seasons, and when it come on them they will run the Devil bowlegged keeping up with their mischief.â⬠(Act 1, p. 25) Soon after her entrance in Act 1, Rebecca explicitly provides a rational explanation for why the girls are all acting weird: all young children have their silly times, so it's nothing out of the ordinary to worry about. Rebecca's reasoning has the weight of her experience behind it, and at this point in the play her experience as a devout matriarch still has some merit - even Parris seems temporarily convinced by this explanation for the girls' strange behavior. There's also a little bit of irony/foreshadowing in this quote because of the mention of the Devil having to keep up with "their [the girlsââ¬â¢] mischief;" in fact, during the trials, itââ¬â¢s actually the girls who claim they are being afflicted by the Devil's mischief. ââ¬Å"No, you cannot break charity with your minister.â⬠(Act 1, p. 29) Here, Rebecca's warning not toââ¬Å"break charity,â⬠or turn against someone youââ¬â¢re supposed to honor, foreshadows the significance that the concept will have in the play. In Act 3, the concept comes up again when Giles Corey talks about how by accusing his wife of suspicious actions, he has broken charity with her (Act 3, p. 79-80). In fact, most of the people of Salem could be said to have ââ¬Å"broken charityâ⬠with each other when neighbor turned against neighbor and started accusing each other of witchcraft. ââ¬Å"Let you fear nothing! Another judgment waits us all!â⬠(Act 4, p. 133) With these penultimate lines, Rebecca exhorts everyone (including the audience) to remember that the reverberations of the witchcraft trials will not simply end with the deaths of the accused witches. The "judgment" Rebecca refers to is not just everyone's judgment by God after death, but also how history will judge the witchcraft trials, and (in a meta-way) how the audience will judge the characters of The Crucible. Whatââ¬â¢s Next? Want to learn more about other characters in The Crucible? Read our complete guide to the characters of The Crucible. Need to refresh yourself on the acts Rebecca appears in? We've got summaries for both Acts 1 and 4 as well as for the entire play. How does Rebecca's character fit into the themes of the play as a whole? Read our analysis of The Crucible's themes to find out! 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Friday, February 14, 2020
A written analysis of an ethical dilemma in health care ethics Essay - 1
A written analysis of an ethical dilemma in health care ethics - Essay Example Other organisations have chosen to implement a set of guidelinesââ¬âused to help individual employees make a choice when faced with an ethical dilemma. The health care industry is one such organisation that tries to balance individual thought and critical thinking decision-making skills with ethical guidelines set forth via laws, regulations, and company policies. Every person, regardless of his or her chosen career or lifestyle, will eventually be forced to make a decision in an ethical dilemma. This dilemma may be as simple as whether or not to tell a friend that he or she may be getting laid off from work or as difficult as deciding whether or not a person has the sense and capability of making a decision on his or her own regarding healthcare and treatment. Doctors often face scenarios such as these often. Generally, doctors can turn to laws and legal documentation regarding how to proceed with a course of action. For example, if a woman were to go to a hospital with an extreme case of preeclampsia: do the doctors work to save her life and the life of her child, or do they respect the patientââ¬â¢s wishes to be left alone. In this particular scenario, several people are involved in the decision-making process; and several others hold stakes in the results of the decision once made. First, the mother has already been informed that without a caesarean, she will die. Additionally, without allowing the doctors to perform the caesarean, the mother has been informed that her baby will also die. The third group of stakeholders in this scenario is the doctors treating Mrs. M. The Doctors face the difficult decision of forcing Mrs. M to endure a terrifying and difficult procedure, or allowing Mrs. M to make a choice that may kill both herself and her baby. Preeclampsia, sometimes called toxaemia, affects nearly five percent of all pregnancies throughout the world (Cleveland Clinic 2007); this disorder is ââ¬Å"one of the leading causes of premature
Saturday, February 1, 2020
American Expansionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
American Expansionism - Essay Example However, the expansionism was not good for the American population and other people across the world. The most important reason why United States wanted to expand was for economic benefits. During the time of Confederation, the United States continued to extend its territory westwards. For instance, between 1960 and 1890, United States created nine new states after purchasing Alaska from Russia. After the end of the American Civil War, the interests of expanding the countryââ¬â¢s territory rejuvenated. There was renewed investment in land, railway construction, and exploitation of natural resources in the west part of the country. The American traders started looking for land for investment in the western part of Canada. This raised the interests of the country towards this part. This is because majority of these investors opted to settle in these areas. Americans believed that acquiring more territory will make it easy for them to produce products at decreased costs. The second aspect that led to expansion is the spirit of nationalism. With the European nations expanding their t erritories, Americans also wanted to take pride in expanding its boundaries further. This was fueled by the increased scramble for territory by other major economies. United States expanded its role and influence through military influence. For instance, the country treated its colonies as military bases. The country established military bases in these areas in order to take control of their economic, political, and social activities. Secondly, the US used its cultural influence to expand its role. The country expanded its cultural ideologies to other areas. This was achieved through the spirit of nationalism and propaganda. Thirdly, the US used economic influence to expand its boundaries. This is through funding major investments in the
Friday, January 24, 2020
Inflation :: essays research papers
INFLATION: In the 1970s the prices of most things Americans buy more than doubled. Such a general increase in prices is called inflation. Prices of selected goods may increase for reasons unrelated to inflation: the price of fresh lettuce may rise because unseasonably heavy rainfall in California has ruined the lettuce crop, or the price of gasoline may rise if the oil-producing countries set a higher price for oil. During inflation, however, all prices tend to rise. Over the last 400 years there have been many periods of inflation. In the 16th century, when the Spaniards began bringing back gold and silver from the New World, prices in Western Europe moved upward as the supply of money increased. During the 19th century prices tended to go downward as food and raw materials became cheaper. After major wars such as the Napoleonic Wars and World Wars I and II, prices again moved upward. In the 1950s and '60s a so-called creeping inflation occurred, when the general price level in the United States and Western Europe rose by an average of 1 to 5 percent each year. In the 1970s inflation increased until it reached as much as 13 percent a year in the United States. Many countries have suffered from inflation more than has the United States. Israel had inflation of more than 100 percent a year in the early 1980s, meaning that the cost of living more than doubled every year. In Argentina inflation was greater than 400 percent in 1975 and averaged more than 100 percent each year from 1976 to 1982. The most remarkable inflation in modern times was the German hyperinflation of 1923, when people went to the store with wheelbarrows full of money to buy a few groceries. A similar hyperinflation occurred in Hungary after World War II. Inflation has been defined as "too much money chasing too few goods." As prices rise, wages and salaries also have a tendency to rise. More money in people's pockets causes prices to rise still higher so that consumers never quite catch up . Inflation can go on continuously year after year so long as the money supply continues to increase. Continued inflation affects people in diverse ways. Those who live on fixed incomes, or those whose incomes increase very slowly, suffer most from inflation because they are able to buy less and less. Those who lend money when prices are lower may be paid back in dollars of reduced purchasing power.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Upholding English Proficiency for Communicative Competency Essay
For many years since the World War II, the English language had been the lingua franca of numerous countries and territories all around the world. It is used in the everyday lives of many people ââ¬â from selling and buying to creating laws. Being an English proficient person, one must be able to speak, read and write the language. To be truly proficient, he must have advance abilities in the three divisions wherein he can convey and relay his thoughts fluently. But being good in this language doesnââ¬â¢t just mean being mainstream. It is more than that. It is being able to communicate and relate with different people from different cultures. Whenever a person goes to a foreign land without properly learning its native language, he has to find ways how to converse with the natives. And whenever this happens, people always opt to use English. Since it is the universal language, it is no more a surprise that most human beings walking on this planet can utilize the lingo. Learning English gives the people confidence, confidence to face the world and its people. Schools use the language as the primary medium of instruction because many believe that by doing so, they are preparing the students to become globally competitive. They believe that they can achieve what other people can achieve by being skilled in the language. The students will have brighter future ahead of them. Many opportunities await them if they have this specific skill. This is because they can openly communicate and share ideas. They can face international questions that will challenge them. Learning the language would not just bring us opportunities, it would bring us success. Let us have debate as an example. In many formal debates, it would be the English language that is going to be used. If one is not proficient enough, then he cannot express his arguments effectively, he canââ¬â¢t be an effective communicator. In a court trial, a lawyer has to bravely defend his case using the language. He has to speak clearly,
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